隨著我(wo)國航(hang)運業(ye)(ye)的發展(zhan)，碼(ma)頭和船(chuan)用護舷(xian)(xian)的需求越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)，對護舷(xian)(xian)性(xing)能(neng)的要(yao)求也(ye)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)高(gao)。其中，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)因良好的韌性(xing)和耐(nai)沖擊性(xing)應用最為(wei)廣泛。目(mu)前，我(wo)國橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)廠家(jia)(jia)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)，產(chan)品良莠不齊，一些廠家(jia)(jia)為(wei)在激烈的市場競(jing)爭(zheng)中生(sheng)存，片面以低價競(jing)爭(zheng)為(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)手段，不嚴(yan)格(ge)遵守有關標準(zhun)和工藝、采用低質(zhi)原(yuan)材料或過多(duo)(duo)使用再生(sheng)膠(jiao)以降低成本，這給碼(ma)頭和船(chuan)舶靠泊安(an)全(quan)帶來極大隱患。有關專家(jia)(jia)表示，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)商應嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國家(jia)(jia)有關標準(zhun)，嚴(yan)格(ge)工藝流程(cheng)，增強自主(zhu)創新能(neng)力，不斷(duan)提高(gao)產(chan)品質(zhi)量，為(wei)我(wo)國航(hang)運業(ye)(ye)和造船(chuan)業(ye)(ye)提供可靠、安(an)全(quan)的產(chan)品。

　　據(ju)了解，目前市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有多種類型(xing)，主要(yao)有壓曲(qu)型(xing)、充(chong)氣型(xing)、側(ce)向受荷圓柱型(xing)（鼓(gu)型(xing)）、對(dui)接V型(xing)（即X型(xing)）和(he)柔性(xing)樁型(xing)。廠家在設計和(he)生(sheng)產橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時要(yao)考慮作用(yong)于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)和(he)碼(ma)頭靠(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)構件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反力(li)、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)吸收船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)動能(neng)后變形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)變形產生(sheng)作用(yong)于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反力(li)、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)剛度(du)、非正向擠(ji)靠(kao)時護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)吸能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)性(xing)、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)使船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)靠(kao)泊速度(du)減速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速率、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)系統與船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦系數(shu)、護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)系統和(he)支撐構件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基建(jian)投(tou)資及其(qi)維護(hu)(hu)(hu)費用(yong)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)與護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸方式等(deng)諸多因素。用(yong)戶可根據(ju)實(shi)際選(xuan)用(yong)不(bu)同(tong)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，除拖船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、小型(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)外，大(da)噸位船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)一般不(bu)配備橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，靠(kao)泊時主要(yao)利(li)用(yong)充(chong)氣型(xing)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)來保護(hu)(hu)(hu)碼(ma)頭和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)。

　　相對造(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)業的船(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)主(zhu)機、船(chuan)(chuan)板(ban)等配(pei)套市(shi)場來(lai)說，橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)的市(shi)場容量不(bu)是(shi)很大，競爭非(fei)常激烈。中(zhong)海橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（青島(dao)）實業有限公(gong)司副總(zong)經理李(li)海鍔介(jie)紹說，國(guo)內每年橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)的市(shi)場容量為20多(duo)(duo)億(yi)元，知名度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的生廠商也就3、4家，其主(zhu)要面向骨干港口(kou)和造(zao)船(chuan)(chuan)企業，訂(ding)制產(chan)(chan)品(pin)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，因此(ci)市(shi)場份額高(gao)、效益也較(jiao)(jiao)好。而一些生產(chan)(chan)通用(yong)型產(chan)(chan)品(pin)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)、利潤薄的生產(chan)(chan)商只能采取(qu)低(di)(di)價競爭策略，甚至不(bu)惜采用(yong)低(di)(di)質(zhi)材(cai)料或采用(yong)高(gao)比(bi)(bi)例再(zai)生膠(jiao)以(yi)謀求(qiu)降低(di)(di)成本，這在江蘇某橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)生產(chan)(chan)廠家聚集較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的地區比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)普遍。李(li)海鍔指出(chu)，低(di)(di)質(zhi)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)危害極(ji)大，不(bu)僅使用(yong)壽命短(duan)，而且(qie)一旦(dan)破損將給碼頭(tou)和靠泊(bo)船(chuan)(chuan)舶帶(dai)來(lai)嚴重損傷。

　　負責(ze)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)標(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)修訂和(he)技術(shu)歸口管理的(de)全國(guo)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)品(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)化技術(shu)委員會(hui)(hui)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雜品(pin)分(fen)技術(shu)委員會(hui)(hui)秘書長宋(song)(song)寶(bao)清(qing)對(dui)此也(ye)深(shen)有同(tong)感(gan)。目前，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)實心橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)所采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi)《GB/T 21537-2008 錐型橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)》和(he)《HG/T 2866-2003 橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)》，充氣式橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)《CB-T 3948 船用(yong)(yong)充氣橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠球》和(he)ISO17357:2002 《High pressure Floating pneumatic rubber fenders》，而(er)(er)填充式漂浮(fu)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)是(shi)近幾年才出現的(de)新產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，目前尚無國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)以及行業標(biao)準(zhun)。宋(song)(song)寶(bao)清(qing)指出，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)各(ge)類橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)標(biao)準(zhun)與國(guo)外相比并不落(luo)后，但(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家執行標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)參差不齊(qi)使(shi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)良莠不齊(qi)，這給我(wo)(wo)國(guo)航(hang)運(yun)業和(he)造船業發展(zhan)帶來(lai)隱患。她(ta)表示，在原材料(liao)中加(jia)入再生(sheng)(sheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可較好改善加(jia)工性能，而(er)(er)且符合(he)綠色環保(bao)(bao)要(yao)求，至(zhi)于加(jia)多(duo)少再生(sheng)(sheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)不利影(ying)響，目前尚無定量分(fen)析數(shu)據，因此對(dui)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)再生(sheng)(sheng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不能簡單(dan)否(fou)定。但(dan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)原材料(liao)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量的(de)重要(yao)基礎，這點(dian)毋庸置(zhi)疑。

　　橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)企(qi)業主(zhu)要(yao)用作(zuo)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶靠泊碼頭(tou)舾(xi)裝時的(de)安全防護。揚州遠望橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)有關人士表(biao)示，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)質量是第一(yi)位的(de)。如果新(xin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)在(zai)碼頭(tou)舾(xi)裝時因(yin)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)質量問題而(er)發生碰撞事故，進(jin)而(er)導致船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體受損，新(xin)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)將不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)返(fan)工修理甚至造成拖期。雖然相對(dui)港(gang)口來說(shuo)，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)屬于造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)企(qi)業的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)生產(chan)(chan)設施，船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)廠(chang)也比較(jiao)注(zhu)重橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)性價比，但是產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)能忽(hu)視(shi)。

　　對標國(guo)(guo)外(wai)先進企(qi)業(ye)，嚴格執行標準，加強(qiang)(qiang)企(qi)業(ye)自主(zhu)創新(xin)能(neng)力，是橡(xiang)膠護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)業(ye)規范、可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)必由之(zhi)路。專家(jia)表示，我國(guo)(guo)橡(xiang)膠護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)生產(chan)商應(ying)緊(jin)密跟蹤國(guo)(guo)外(wai)智能(neng)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)技術發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢，主(zhu)動對標并采用國(guo)(guo)外(wai)先進標準，增強(qiang)(qiang)自主(zhu)創新(xin)能(neng)力，不斷提高(gao)產(chan)品性能(neng)，努力實現(xian)產(chan)品不斷升級(ji)。同時要自律自強(qiang)(qiang)，將精力放在(zai)降低成本(ben)和提高(gao)產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)上，不搞低價(jia)惡性競爭。此外(wai)，在(zai)遵(zun)守世(shi)界貿(mao)易組織有關協(xie)議、規定的(de)大(da)(da)框架下，我國(guo)(guo)應(ying)加大(da)(da)橡(xiang)膠船舷(xian)(xian)(xian)標準制(zhi)修訂和執行檢查(cha)力度，加大(da)(da)橡(xiang)膠護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量(liang)對碼頭(tou)和船舶安全重要性的(de)宣傳力度，規范市(shi)場秩序，讓低質(zhi)橡(xiang)膠護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)難以生產(chan)、沒有市(shi)場。