隨著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)航運業(ye)的(de)發展，碼頭和船用(yong)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)的(de)需求越來越多，對護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)性(xing)能的(de)要求也越來越高。其中，橡(xiang)膠護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)因良好的(de)韌性(xing)和耐(nai)沖擊性(xing)應(ying)用(yong)最為(wei)廣泛。目前，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)橡(xiang)膠護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)生產廠家眾(zhong)多，產品良莠(you)不齊，一些廠家為(wei)在激烈的(de)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)(jing)爭中生存，片面(mian)以(yi)低(di)(di)價競(jing)(jing)爭為(wei)主要手段(duan)，不嚴格遵守有關標準和工藝、采用(yong)低(di)(di)質原材(cai)料或過多使用(yong)再生膠以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)(di)成(cheng)本(ben)，這給碼頭和船舶靠泊安全帶(dai)來極大隱患。有關專家表示，橡(xiang)膠護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)生產商應(ying)嚴格執行(xing)國(guo)(guo)家有關標準，嚴格工藝流程(cheng)，增強自主創新能力，不斷提(ti)高產品質量，為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)航運業(ye)和造船業(ye)提(ti)供(gong)可靠、安全的(de)產品。

　　據(ju)了(le)解，目前市場上的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)有多(duo)種類型(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)要有壓曲型(xing)(xing)、充氣型(xing)(xing)、側向受荷圓柱型(xing)(xing)（鼓型(xing)(xing)）、對接(jie)(jie)V型(xing)(xing)（即X型(xing)(xing)）和(he)柔(rou)性(xing)樁型(xing)(xing)。廠家(jia)在設計和(he)生產(chan)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)要考慮作用(yong)于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)和(he)碼頭靠(kao)(kao)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)構(gou)件的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)力、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)吸收船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)動(dong)能后(hou)變形的(de)(de)大小、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)變形產(chan)生作用(yong)于船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)力、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)相對剛(gang)度(du)、非正向擠靠(kao)(kao)時(shi)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)吸能的(de)(de)有效性(xing)、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)使船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)靠(kao)(kao)泊速(su)(su)度(du)減速(su)(su)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)率、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)與船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)間的(de)(de)摩擦系(xi)數、護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)支撐(cheng)構(gou)件的(de)(de)基建投(tou)資及(ji)其維護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)費用(yong)、船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)與護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)觸方式等諸多(duo)因素。用(yong)戶可根(gen)據(ju)實際選用(yong)不同類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)，除拖船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、小型(xing)(xing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)外(wai)，大噸(dun)位(wei)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶(bo)一(yi)般(ban)不配(pei)備橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)，靠(kao)(kao)泊時(shi)主(zhu)要利用(yong)充氣型(xing)(xing)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)(xian)等來(lai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)碼頭和(he)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)。

　　相(xiang)對造船(chuan)(chuan)業的(de)船(chuan)(chuan)用主機、船(chuan)(chuan)板(ban)等配套市場來(lai)說，橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷的(de)市場容量不是很大，競(jing)爭非常激烈(lie)。中海橡(xiang)（青島）實業有限公司副總經理李海鍔(e)介紹說，國(guo)內(nei)每(mei)年橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷的(de)市場容量為20多億元，知名度較高的(de)生(sheng)廠(chang)商也就3、4家(jia)，其主要面向骨干(gan)港口和造船(chuan)(chuan)企業，訂制產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品較多，因(yin)此(ci)市場份額高、效益也較好(hao)。而一些生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)通用型產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品較多、利潤薄的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)商只能采取低價競(jing)爭策略，甚至不惜(xi)采用低質材料(liao)或采用高比例再(zai)生(sheng)膠(jiao)以(yi)謀求(qiu)降低成本，這在江(jiang)蘇某橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廠(chang)家(jia)聚(ju)集(ji)較多的(de)地區比較普遍。李海鍔(e)指出(chu)，低質橡(xiang)膠(jiao)護舷危害極大，不僅使(shi)用壽命短(duan)，而且一旦破損將給(gei)碼(ma)頭(tou)和靠泊船(chuan)(chuan)舶帶來(lai)嚴重(zhong)損傷。

　　負責(ze)我(wo)國(guo)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)準制修訂(ding)和技術歸口管理(li)的(de)全國(guo)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制品(pin)(pin)標(biao)準化(hua)技術委(wei)員會(hui)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雜品(pin)(pin)分技術委(wei)員會(hui)秘書長(chang)宋(song)寶清對此(ci)也深有同感。目(mu)前，我(wo)國(guo)實心橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)標(biao)準是(shi)《GB/T 21537-2008 錐(zhui)型橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)》和《HG/T 2866-2003 橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)》，充氣式橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)《CB-T 3948 船用(yong)(yong)充氣橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠(kao)球》和ISO17357:2002 《High pressure Floating pneumatic rubber fenders》，而填充式漂浮橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)近幾年才出(chu)現(xian)的(de)新產(chan)品(pin)(pin)，目(mu)前尚無國(guo)際標(biao)準以及行業標(biao)準。宋(song)寶清指出(chu)，我(wo)國(guo)各類橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)護舷(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)準與國(guo)外(wai)相比并不(bu)(bu)落后(hou)，但生產(chan)廠家執行標(biao)準的(de)參(can)差不(bu)(bu)齊使產(chan)品(pin)(pin)良莠不(bu)(bu)齊，這給(gei)我(wo)國(guo)航運業和造船業發(fa)展帶來(lai)隱患。她表示(shi)，在原材料(liao)中加入再生膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可(ke)較(jiao)好(hao)改善加工性(xing)能，而且符合綠色環保要(yao)求，至(zhi)于加多少(shao)再生膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)對產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)和使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命產(chan)生不(bu)(bu)利影響，目(mu)前尚無定量(liang)分析數據，因此(ci)對使用(yong)(yong)再生膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)(bu)能簡單否定。但采用(yong)(yong)優質原材料(liao)是(shi)保證產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)的(de)重要(yao)基礎，這點(dian)毋庸置疑(yi)。

　　橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷在造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)企業主(zhu)要(yao)用作船(chuan)舶靠泊碼(ma)頭(tou)舾裝時的(de)安全(quan)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)。揚州遠望橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷有關(guan)人士表示，產(chan)品(pin)的(de)質量是第一位的(de)。如果新船(chuan)在碼(ma)頭(tou)舾裝時因橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷質量問題而(er)(er)發生碰撞事故，進(jin)而(er)(er)導致(zhi)船(chuan)體受損，新船(chuan)將不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)返工修理甚至造(zao)(zao)(zao)成拖期(qi)。雖然相(xiang)對港口來說，橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷并(bing)不(bu)(bu)屬于造(zao)(zao)(zao)船(chuan)企業的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)生產(chan)設施(shi)，船(chuan)廠也比較注重橡膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷的(de)性(xing)價比，但是產(chan)品(pin)質量絕不(bu)(bu)能忽視。

　　對標(biao)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)先進(jin)企(qi)業，嚴格(ge)執行(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，加強企(qi)業自主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力，是(shi)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)產業規范、可(ke)持續發展的(de)必(bi)由之路。專家表示(shi)，我國(guo)(guo)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)生產商(shang)應(ying)緊(jin)密(mi)跟蹤國(guo)(guo)外(wai)智能(neng)(neng)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)技術發展趨(qu)勢，主(zhu)動(dong)對標(biao)并采用國(guo)(guo)外(wai)先進(jin)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，增強自主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)力，不斷(duan)提高產品性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，努力實現產品不斷(duan)升級。同時(shi)要(yao)自律自強，將精力放(fang)在(zai)降低成本和提高產品質(zhi)量上，不搞低價(jia)惡性(xing)競爭。此外(wai)，在(zai)遵守世界貿(mao)易組(zu)織有關協議、規定的(de)大(da)(da)框架下，我國(guo)(guo)應(ying)加大(da)(da)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)船(chuan)舷(xian)(xian)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)修訂和執行(xing)檢查(cha)力度，加大(da)(da)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)質(zhi)量對碼頭和船(chuan)舶安(an)全重要(yao)性(xing)的(de)宣傳力度，規范市場(chang)秩序，讓低質(zhi)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)護(hu)(hu)舷(xian)(xian)難以生產、沒有市場(chang)。